Tafseer of Sooraatu Dhuhaa by Shaykh Sa'dee

[عبد الله بن مسلم]

{ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ {

In the Name of Allâh, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful.

وَالضُّحَى

“By the forenoon (after sun-rise);

وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا سَجَى

And by the night when it is still (or darkens);

مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ وَمَا قَلَى

Your Lord (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) has neither forsaken you nor hated you.

وَلَلْآَخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَى

And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present (life of this world).

وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى

And verily, your Lord will give you (all i.e. good) so that you shall be well-pleased.

أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآَوَى

Did He not find you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) an orphan and gave you a refuge?

وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَى

And He found you unaware and guided you?

وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا فَأَغْنَى

And He found you poor, and made you rich (self sufficient with self contentment, etc.)?”

فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ

Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression,

وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ

And repulse not the beggar;

وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ فَحَدِّثْ

And proclaim the Grace of your Lord (i.e. the Prophethood and all other Graces).”



The Tafseer

Allaah The Exalted swears by the daytime when it spreads its brightness at the time of the fore-noon. And by the night when it is deep in darkness, and its darkness envelops (everything).

[He swears] regarding His assistance and cultivation of His Prophet sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam , so He said :

{ مَا وَدَّعَكَ رَبُّكَ }

‘Your Lord has neither forsaken you …

Meaning : He has not left you since He chose you , and there has never been any negligence since He began to develop and cultivate you ; rather He never ceases to be cultivating you upon the best cultivation. And He raises you a degree after degree.

{ وَمَا قَلَى }

..nor hated you.

Meaning : He has never disliked you since He loved you.

And verily negation of an opposite is an affirmation of its opposite. And the pure negation never becomes a praise except when it carries the pure affirmation.

So this is the state of the Prophet sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam - past and present [in his life at the time of descent of this surah] - .

The most perfect state and most complete ; [and that is] The Love of Allaah to him , and its continuity.

And him being risen to the complete status , and an ever continuing cultivation and assistance of Allaah to him.

As for his (sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam) future state ; Then He said :

{ وَلَلْآَخِرَةُ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنَ الْأُولَى }

And indeed the Hereafter is better for you than the present (life of this world).

Meaning : every latter state that you are in , then it is better than the state that you have been in the past.

Thus he sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam never ceases to increase and ascend in the highest degrees , and Allaah establishes for him his religion, and makes him victorious over his enemies , and strengthens for him his affairs ; upto the time of death.

And verily he (sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam) reached a state where no other person –from the earlier or the latter ones - ever reached.

And this is in virtues and graces, and pleasures , and the bliss of the heart.

Then after that ; do not even ask about his (sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam) state in the here-after ; considering the multitude of bounties , and different categories of delights.

And because of this, He said :

{ وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى }

And verily, your Lord will give you (all i.e. good) so that you shall be well-pleased.

And this definition cannot be defined except by using this complete generalizing statement.

Then He specified for him something’s which shows him, his specific states: So He said :

{ أَلَمْ يَجِدْكَ يَتِيمًا فَآَوَى }

Did He not find you an orphan and gave you a refuge?

Meaning : We found you with no mother, and no father ; in fact his (sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam) parents had died when he could not take care of himself .

And Allaah gave him refuge and care ; and He put him in the care of his (sallahAllaahu alayhi wasallam) grandfather ; Abdulmutwallib , and then when his grandfather died , He put him in the care of his uncle Abu Twaalib ; up until the time when He made him victorious by His aid and then by the aid of the believers.

{ وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَى }

And He found you unaware and guided you?

Meaning : We found you not knowing what is The Book , and what is ‘Eeman ; so We taught you that which you didn’t know.

And we made it easy for you to [attain and have] the best of all actions and behaviours.

{ وَوَجَدَكَ عَائِلًا }

And He found you poor,

Meaning : [We found you] needy …

{ فَأَغْنَى }

…and made you rich (self sufficient with self contentment, etc.)

Through what He opened up for you in the conquests of various lands ; which you then collected from them the taxes and its wealth.

So The One who removed from all you all these defects , verily He will remove from you; all other deficiencies .

And so, to The One who made you attain self sufficient with self contentment, and gave you refuge, and gave you victory, and guided you ; then accept His favours by being grateful and thankful.

And because of this He said :

{ فَأَمَّا الْيَتِيمَ فَلَا تَقْهَرْ }

Therefore, treat not the orphan with oppression,

Meaning : let not the interaction with the orphans be in a bad manner , and do not let your heart be enclosed towards them , and do not repel and turn him away ; rather be gracious to him , and give him whatever is easy for you to give .

And deal with him [the orphan] just as you would like someone else to treat your children after your death.

{ وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ }

And repulse not the beggar;

Meaning : there should not come from you any words which contain the rejection of the one who asks – in whatever he needs. And that is by repulse and unsocial manners.

Rather give him whatever is easy for you , or [at least] return him with gentleness and goodness.

And this includes : the one who asks for wealth , and the one who asks for knowledge.



Thus the teacher is commanded to have the best manners towards the student, and [is also commanded to be] accepting him by nobleness, and being tender and sympathetic.

Indeed that is an aid to him ; in what he wants to achieve , and it is a more precious honor to the one who is striving to benefit the slaves and the lands.

{ وَأَمَّا بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ }

And as for the Grace of your Lord.”

And this is inclusive of the religious and the worldly favours …

{ فَحَدِّثْ }

..then proclaim them.”

Meaning : praise Allaah -with the perfect praises- by these bounties [which He gave you].

And whenever there is [specific] benefit ; then mention them specifically.

Other than that ; then mention and talk about the favours of Allaah – unrestrictedly.

Indeed in the proclamation of the bounties of Allaah ; is a means of calling to being thankful and grateful to Allaah – because of these favours.

And it also necessitates the heart to have love for The One who granted it the bounties . Verily the hearts are attached to loving the one who does good.’

Taken from : Tayseer Al Kareem Ar-Rahmaan fee Tafseer Kalaam Al Mannaan.

Authored by : al-Allaamah as-Shaykh Abdurrahmaan ibn Sa’dee

Translated by Aboo Waheeda as-salafee.



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